Top 10 Largest Spiders Globally
Top 10 Largest Spiders Globally
Spiders are one of the most fascinating creatures on Earth, evoking a wide range of emotions from fear to fascination. There are approximately 48,000 known species of spiders, and they come in various sizes, shapes, and colors. While most spiders are harmless to humans, their appearance, especially that of the larger species, can be quite intimidating. Here, we delve into the realm of the giants, unveiling the top 10 largest spiders around the globe based on their leg span, giving you a glimpse into their intriguing world.
1. Goliath Birdeater (Theraphosa blondi)
Topping the list, the Goliath Birdeater holds the Guinness World Record for being the largest spider in the world by mass and size. Native to the rainforests of South America, particularly in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana, this tarantula can have a leg span of up to 11 inches (28 cm). Despite its name, the Birdeater rarely preys on birds; it primarily feeds on insects and occasionally small mammals.
2. Giant Huntsman Spider (Heteropoda maxima)
Discovered in a cave in Laos in 2001, the Giant Huntsman Spider is known for its incredible leg span reaching up to 12 inches (30 cm), making it the largest spider by diameter. Unlike the Goliath Birdeater, the Huntsman doesn’t build webs but hunts its prey, moving swiftly and using its powerful legs to capture insects and other small invertebrates.
3. Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula (Lasiodora parahybana)
The Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula is one of the largest tarantulas in the world, with a leg span that can exceed 10 inches (25 cm). Native to the rainforests of Brazil, this spider is known for its striking salmon-pink hair. Despite its formidable size, it is a popular pet among arachnid enthusiasts due to its docile nature.
4. Colombian Giant Tarantula (Megaphobema robustum)
With a leg span that can reach up to 8 inches (20 cm), the Colombian Giant Tarantula is another massive arachnid. It is found in the rainforests of Colombia and Brazil. This species is known for its aggressive temperament and impressive size, making it a fascinating, yet intimidating creature.
5. Hercules Baboon Spider (Hysterocrates hercules)
Native to West Africa, the Hercules Baboon Spider is one of the largest spiders in Africa, with reports of specimens reaching a leg span of up to 8 inches (20 cm). However, sightings of this spider are quite rare, leading to speculation about its true size and making it somewhat of a mythical creature in the spider world.
6. Camel Spider (Solifugae)
Also known as wind scorpions or sun spiders, Camel Spiders are not true spiders but belong to the Solifugae order. Found in deserts around the world, these creatures can grow up to 6 inches (15 cm) in length. They are known for their impressive speed and carnivorous diet, feeding on various insects, lizards, and even small birds.
7. Australian Golden Orb-Weaver (Nephila edulis)
The Australian Golden Orb-Weaver is famous for its beautiful, golden-colored silk, which it uses to spin large, strong webs. With a leg span reaching up to 6 inches (15 cm), it is one of the largest web-building spiders. These spiders are commonly found in Australia and have a gentle demeanor despite their size.
8. Cerbalus Aravaensis
Discovered in 2007 in the Arava Valley of Israel and Jordan, Cerbalus Aravaensis is the largest spider in the Middle East. With a leg span that can reach up to 5.5 inches (14 cm), this spider dwells in sand dunes and hunts at night, using its powerful legs to burrow into the ground.
9. Poecilotheria Rajaei (Giant Tiger Spider)
Discovered in Sri Lanka in 2009, the Giant Tiger Spider boasts a leg span of up to 8 inches (20 cm). Known for its striking black and white pattern, this tarantula prefers dwelling in old trees but has also been found in abandoned buildings, preying on insects, small birds, and mammals.
10. Brazilian Giant Tawny Red Tarantula (Grammostola anthracina)
Rounding out our top 10, the Brazilian Giant Tawny Red Tarantula can have a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm). Found in Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil, this species is sought after in the pet trade for its calm temperament and striking appearance, featuring a deep reddish-brown color.
FAQs about Large Spiders
What exactly makes a spider large?
When discussing large spiders, the term generally refers to the size of a spider’s leg span, which is the distance from the tip of one leg to the tip of the leg on the opposite side. Some species, like the Goliath Birdeater, may also achieve significant body mass, contributing to their categorization as large.
Are the largest spiders dangerous to humans?
Despite their intimidating size, most of the largest spiders pose little to no threat to humans. Their venom is not potent enough to cause serious harm, with effects typically limited to mild irritation, redness, or swelling. However, handling them without proper knowledge or experience is not advised due to their potential defensive behavior.
What do these large spiders eat?
Large spiders have a varied diet, primarily consisting of insects, but some species are known to prey on larger animals. For example, the Goliath Birdeater may eat small mammals, frogs, and birds. Their diet is largely opportunistic, depending on what prey is available in their habitat.
How do these spiders grow so large?
The substantial size of these spiders can be attributed to several factors, including genetics, environmental conditions, and the availability of prey. In regions where prey is abundant and predators are few, spiders can grow larger. Additionally, evolutionary adaptation to specific ecological niches has allowed these spiders to attain such impressive sizes.
Can I keep a large spider as a pet?
Many of the larger spider species, like the Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula, are popular in the pet trade. However, caring for a large spider requires knowledge about its habitat, diet, and behavior. Prospective pet owners should thoroughly research and be prepared to provide the appropriate care these creatures need for a healthy, captive life.
What is the lifespan of large spiders?
The lifespan of large spiders varies significantly among species. Some, like many tarantula species, can live for up to 15-20 years in captivity, a testament to their resilience and adaptability. Factors affecting their lifespan include diet, environmental conditions, and predation.
How do large spiders interact with their environment?
Large spiders play crucial roles in their ecosystems, primarily as apex predators of insects and small animals, which helps control populations of these creatures. Their presence indicates a healthy, balanced ecosystem. Moreover, their webs or burrows can influence the habitat’s physical structure, contributing to ecological diversity.
How can I safely observe large spiders in the wild?
Observing large spiders in their natural habitat can be a thrilling experience. It’s important to do so with respect and caution. Avoid disturbing their webs or shelters, and maintain a safe distance to prevent stressing the spider. Using binoculars or a telephoto lens can help you get a close-up view safely.
Are all large spiders solitary?
Most large spiders are solitary creatures, interacting with others primarily during mating season. However, there are exceptions. For instance, some species of tarantulas have been observed living in communal burrows or web complexes, showcasing diverse social behaviors among these giants of the arachnid world.
How are the largest spiders being protected?
Conservation efforts for the largest spiders vary by species and region. Some species are protected under national and international law due to their vulnerability to habitat destruction, climate change, and the pet trade. Conservationists emphasize habitat preservation, research, and public education to ensure these remarkable creatures continue to thrive in their natural habitats.